# Python Basics Cheatsheet

## Variables & Data Types
- Variables: x = 10, name = "Alice"
- Strings: "text", 'text', """multi-line"""
- Numbers: int, float, complex
- Collections: lists, tuples, dicts, sets

## Control Flow
- if, elif, else
- for loops: for x in range(10)
- while loops: while x > 0
- break, continue, pass

## Functions
def function_name(parameters):
    """Docstring"""
    return result

## Common Methods
- str.upper(), str.lower(), str.split()
- list.append(), list.extend(), list.pop()
- dict.keys(), dict.values(), dict.items()

## Error Handling
try:
    # code
except Exception as e:
    # handle error
finally:
    # cleanup

## File Operations
with open('file.txt', 'r') as f:
    data = f.read()

## Useful Libraries
- math: mathematical functions
- random: random number generation
- datetime: date and time
- os: operating system operations